Kinematic magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of disc-associated cervical spondylomyelopathy in Doberman Pinschers. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine (2016)

Provencher M, Habing A, Moore SA, Cook LC, Phillips G, da Costa RC. Kinematic magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of disc-associated cervical spondylomyelopathy in Doberman Pinschers. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. v. 30, n.4, 1121-1128, 2016.

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Disc-associated cervical spondylomyelopathy (DACSM) is a common condition in middle-aged to older Doberman Pinschers. Spinal cord compression in patients with DA-CSM is secondary to both static and dynamic factors. For this reason, DA-CSM is similar to cervical spondylotic myelopathy in human patients (human CSM). Flexion and extension of the cervical vertebral column are 2 dynamic factors that contribute to progression of disease in both DA-CSM and human CSM. In ex vivo and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, flexion has been shown to cause an increase in the diameter of the vertebral canal and intervertebral foramina in dogs and humans. Flexion of the cervical vertebral column also creates a tethering effect which may lead to stretch injury of the spinal cord. Extension creates a decrease in the diameter of the vertebral canal and intervertebral foramina in humans and dogs, which has been shown to worsen both spinal cord and nerve root compression.